The Supreme Court recently confirmed the Delhi High Court’s judgment which held that Hyatt had a permanent establishment under Article 5 of the Indo-UAE DTAA, thereby denying them benefits under the Indo-UAE DTAA. Relying on the two tests laid down in the Formula One World Championship Ltd v. Commissioner of Income Tax, the court held that Hyatt held substantive control over AHL’s operations. This article argues that the Court overlooked factual differences and misapplied the Permanent Establish